Delete row(s) with matching IDs with earlier dates.

Hello - you can accomplish this by grouping the records by the max date and then retrieving the type for that date, like in the example below.  Note, in your description I think you flagged the wrong row to delete for ID 54.

let
    Source = Table.FromRows(Json.Document(Binary.Decompress(Binary.FromText("i45WMjJU0lHyzMssScwBMsz1jfWNDIyMlGJ1oFKhBSmJJakpQJahgb4JQtLUBFmfmb4RmpRzflFRajJcpymStClunWbYpWIB", BinaryEncoding.Base64), Compression.Deflate)), let _t = ((type nullable text) meta [Serialized.Text = true]) in type table [ID = _t, Type = _t, Date = _t]),
    #"Changed Type" = Table.TransformColumnTypes(Source,{{"ID", Int64.Type}, {"Type", type text}, {"Date", type date}}),
    #"Grouped Rows" = Table.Group(#"Changed Type", {"ID"}, {{"Date", each List.Max([Date]), type nullable date}, {"Data", each _, type table [ID=nullable number, Type=nullable text, Date=nullable date]}}),
    #"Added Custom" = Table.AddColumn(#"Grouped Rows", "Type", each [Data][Type]{List.PositionOf ( [Data][Date], [Date] )}, type text ),
    #"Removed Columns" = Table.RemoveColumns(#"Added Custom",{"Data"})
in
    #"Removed Columns"