Problems with DAX, SQL and locale

I forgot to mention it in my original post, but I've already tested changing the data type of the date column in PowerBI using both Norwegian and English American locale. PowerBI correctly interprets the column as a date column upon querying the database.

I've also tried changing the locale of the whole model between Norwegian and English American, with different combinations on the column locale. And measures in direct query mode are unrestricted.

There should not be any problems with the way the column data types are defined in SQL. Here is an image of the table used in the example measure:

So the dates in the database are automatically recognized as dates in PowerBI or at least so it says.  

Trying to create the measure works just fine:

CurrentBudget = SUMX(FILTER(DimBudget;DimBudget[TimeAltKey] <= TODAY());DimBudget[BudgetTarget])

Adding it to a visualization gives me this:

Change the locale formats of my local computer where I'm running Power BI Desktop to English (United States):

Refreshing the model in PowerBI:

So, I've done no changes on the SQL side to get this working. I've tried changing the locale of the whole PBIX-file, and the columns to both English and Norwegian without it helping. And if I change from DQ to Imported it works just fine without changing any locale settings in PowerBI.

As an additional test, I connected to the old data warehouse, where I know that things have worked in the past, and I get the same issue when creating the same measure but on a different table. Change my computers locale format to English, and it works.

I've even tried restoring the DWH database on an instance on the same computer as where I'm running PowerBI, and the exact same problem occurs, with the exact same remedies for getting it to work.

I've also tried creating a measure as so: DD = Today(), and changed the format of that measure to match the format of the time column, and using that measure instead of today() in my original measure. Works fine in American, doesn't work in Norwegian, but the DD measure iself works in both OS locale format settings.