It does appear that the issue you're facing is likely due to a recent optimization in Power BI Service that suppresses visuals without assigned value fields, which affects your clever workaround of using an empty pie chart solely to display interactive legends.
While this approach continues to work in Power BI Desktop, the Service now seems to treat these visuals as inactive or redundant and hides them altogether—possibly to improve performance or reduce unused rendering. As a workaround, you can try adding a static measure (like a dummy count or constant) to the value field to force the pie chart to render, then format it to minimize or hide the chart itself while keeping the legend visible.
Alternatively, you might explore custom visuals like “Smart Legend” from AppSource that support interactivity and page-level consistency, provided your environment allows external visuals. Since your use case highlights a real gap in Power BI’s native functionality, it’s worth submitting feedback or voting on your suggestion in the Power BI Ideas portal to encourage Microsoft to support dynamic, interactive legends more robustly. You may also consider opening a support ticket to confirm whether this change was intentional and if any toggle or workaround exists on the service side.