Filter measure based on dimension

Scholes , You can try below method

Create a table that contains the dimension x values with values in 2024.
Use this table to filter the previous periods.

DAX
// Step 1: Create a table with dimension x values that have values in 2024
DimXValuesIn2024 =
SUMMARIZE(
FILTER(
Balans,
Balans[Date] >= DATE(2024, 1, 1) && Balans[Date] <= DATE(2024, 7, 31)
),
Balans[DimensionX]
)

// Step 2: Calculate the measure for previous periods using the filtered dimension x values
LoanPreviousPeriods =
CALCULATE(
SUM(Balans[Bedrag VV]),
Balans[Administratie ID] = 3070,
Balans[Rekening ID] IN {"053037"},
Balans[Date] < DATE(2024, 1, 1),
Balans[DimensionX] IN DimXValuesIn2024
)