Change filters based on published app

I've done something like this by setting up a query parameter that's used as a filter for the data. For example, if there's a [Department] column in the data with values "Emergency Medicine" and "Family Medicine", then I'd create a parameter with those two options and add a filter step to the query where [Department] = Parameter.

Then you can publish the same pbix to multiple apps but set the parameter differently in the dataset settings:

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/connect-data/refresh-data

(Scroll down to "Configuring query parameters".)