Implementing Excel table in Power Bi where a column value depends on another column earlier value

Using Power Query M Code, it is possible to create the table you show from the source data you supply:

• In this code, the number of years is hard coded
• The growth rate is calculated from the source data
• List.Generate is used to generate the required columns
• I assumed the $2700 contribution in year 38 was a typo

let
    Source = Table.FromRows(Json.Document(Binary.Decompress(Binary.FromText("i45WMjZQ0lEyMjUAUaYQNpCKjQUA", BinaryEncoding.Base64), Compression.Deflate)), let _t = ((type nullable text) meta [Serialized.Text = true]) in type table [Age = _t, Contribution = _t, #"Investment Growth" = _t, #"Fund Value" = _t]),
    #"Changed Type" = Table.TransformColumnTypes(Source,{{"Age", Int64.Type}, 
        {"Contribution", Currency.Type}, {"Investment Growth", Int64.Type}, {"Fund Value", Currency.Type}}),
 
    //calculate new columns
    yrs = 11,
    rate= #"Changed Type"[Investment Growth]{0}/#"Changed Type"[Contribution]{0},
    
    newTblCols = List.Generate(
        ()=>[yr=#"Changed Type"[Age]{0},
             contr=#"Changed Type"[Contribution]{0},
             gr=#"Changed Type"[Investment Growth]{0},
             fv=#"Changed Type"[Fund Value]{0}, 
             idx=0],
        each [idx] < yrs,
        each [yr=[yr]+1,
              contr=[contr],
              gr = ([fv] + [contr]) * rate,
              fv = [fv] + [contr] + ([fv] + [contr]) * rate,
              idx = [idx]+1],
        each {[yr],[contr],[gr],[fv]}
    ),

//create table from columns and prepend with a column for the Row labels
    #"New Table" = Table.FromColumns({{"Year","Contribution","Growth","Fund Value"}} & newTblCols),

//Promote first row to the column Headers
    #"Promoted Headers" = Table.PromoteHeaders(#"New Table", [PromoteAllScalars=true]),

//Set the data types for new table
    #"Changed Type1" = Table.TransformColumnTypes(#"Promoted Headers",{{"Year", type text}} & 
        List.Transform(List.RemoveFirstN(Table.ColumnNames(#"Promoted Headers"),1), each {_, Currency.Type}))
in
    #"Changed Type1"

But, as you show in your example, this is three rows of results for a single entry row.

How would you want to display the results when you have multiple entry rows?