Measure with variable filter based on slicer

Make sure you have a powerbi date Calendar table marked as date.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/calendar-function-dax

https://radacad.com/creating-calendar-table-in-power-bi-using-dax-functions

Datesmtd, totalmtd should work for you.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/totalmtd-function-dax

 MTD Sales = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Sales Amount]),DATESMTD(ENDOFMONTH'Date'[Date])))
 Last month Sales = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Sales Amount]),DATESMTD(ENDOFMONTH(dateadd('Date'[Date],-1,MONTH))))

QTD Sales = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Sales Amount]),DATESQTD('Date'[Date]))
 Last Qtr Sales = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Sales Amount]),DATESQTD(ENDOFQUARTER(dateadd('Date'[Date],-3,MONTH))))  // Use end of qtr only if required


Year  Sales = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Sales Amount]),DATESYTD('Date'[Date Filer]))

These will respond to the date in the slicer . Remove endofthe ... to get till date only.

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My Recent Blog - https://community.powerbi.com/t5/Community-Blog/Comparing-Data-Across-Date-Ranges/ba-p/823601