Hello,
it seems, that it did not help. I've setup gateway with anonymous access, Here is the error i've got (with downloadable url aswell)
Last refresh failed: Tue Aug 07 2018 13:48:00 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)
Invalid connection credentials.Hide details
Underlying error code: -2147467259 Table: Azor.
Underlying error message: Přihlašovací údaje zadané pro zdroj Web jsou neplatné. (Zdroj v https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vQTEw5KzKmwxKwFbqQvS35RfPsg4wLSJWZKS8fMkwK7LJSg-Fid26a0Qj40wkovm9yqLDCfd4M5jhHc/pub)
DM_ErrorDetailNameCode_UnderlyingHResult: -2147467259
Microsoft.Data.Mashup.CredentialError.DataSourceKind: Web
Microsoft.Data.Mashup.CredentialError.DataSourcePath: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vQTEw5KzKmwxKwFbqQvS35RfPsg4wLSJWZKS8fMkwK7LJSg-Fid26a0Qj40wkovm9yqLDCfd4M5jhHc/pub?output=xlsx
Microsoft.Data.Mashup.CredentialError.Reason: AccessForbidden
Microsoft.Data.Mashup.MashupSecurityException.DataSources: [{"kind":"Web","path":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vQTEw5KzKmwxKwFbqQvS35RfPsg4wLSJWZKS8fMkwK7LJSg-Fid26a0Qj40wkovm9yqLDCfd4M5jhHc/pub?output=xlsx"}]
Microsoft.Data.Mashup.MashupSecurityException.Reason: AccessForbidden
Cluster URI: WABI-WEST-EUROPE-redirect.analysis.windows.net
Activity ID: bc28fc15-aebb-402e-b5b5-acc156070f25
Request ID: 2dd75591-2f3a-41c9-2889-a32c7972bb37
Time: 2018-08-07 11:48:00Z