transform a column for use as array in other PowerQuery commands

You can use List.Generate.  It can create a list of anything you put in the 4th argument.  In this case you want a list of lists.  You need to change your types though to match Text.Type and such.  I am going to the #shared records and then finding the name that matches Text.Type and then taking the value.  I am not sure of any other way to convert the text into a Type.  Below is how to change the column types.  Changing column names is pretty much the same except you don't need the shared table.

let
    Source = Excel.CurrentWorkbook(){[Name="Table1"]}[Content],
    shared_table = Table.Buffer(Record.ToTable(#shared)),
    change = 
    List.Generate(
        () => [n = 0], // iterator
        each  [n] < Table.RowCount(DATADEF), // end condition
        each [n = [n] + 1], // next iterator
        each { DATADEF[DATADEF]{[n]}, Table.SelectRows(shared_table, (r) => r[Name] = DATADEF[TYPE]{[n]}){0}[Value]}
        ) // optional output if iterator is not the desired output
    ,
    transform = Table.TransformColumnTypes(Source, change )
in
    transform