Need to add worked hours on various rows without grouping. I am using Power Query.

Hi, LydaMosquera can't figure out why Table.Group is prohibited if you can Table.ExpandTableColumn in the end. Original data are intact. Your calculations of regular and overtime are wrong - I agree with jgeddes 

let
    Source = your_table,
    fx_calc = (tbl as table) =>
        [a = List.Buffer(Table.ToRecords(tbl)),
        maxx = List.Count(a),
        b = 
            List.Generate(
                () => 
                    [i = 0,
                    new_day = false,
                    hours = a{0}[Hours],
                    lim_day_start = 8,
                    Regular = List.Min({hours, 8}),
                    Overtime = hours - Regular,
                    lim_day = List.Max({0, 8 - hours}),
                    lim_week = List.Max({0, 40 - hours})],
                (x) => x[i] < maxx,
                (x) => 
                    [i = x[i] + 1,
                    new_day = a{i-1}[local_date] <> a{i}[local_date],
                    hours = a{i}[Hours],
                    lim_day_start = if new_day then 8 else x[lim_day],
                    Regular = List.Min({hours, lim_day_start, x[lim_week]}),
                    Overtime = hours - Regular,
                    lim_day = List.Max({0, lim_day_start - hours}),
                    lim_week = List.Max({0, x[lim_week] - hours})],
                (x) => x[[Regular], [Overtime]]
            ),
            z = Table.FromColumns(Table.ToColumns(tbl) & {b}, Table.ColumnNames(tbl) & {"hrs"})][z],
    group = Table.Group(Source, {"Employee", "Week of Year"}, {{"ee_week", each fx_calc(Table.Sort(_, "Index"))}}),
    expand_ee = Table.ExpandTableColumn(group, "ee_week", {"Customer", "Department", "local_date", "Hours", "Index", "hrs"}),
    expand_hrs = Table.ExpandRecordColumn(expand_ee, "hrs", {"Regular", "Overtime"})
in
    expand_hrs

I used your table

and ended up with a slightly different result than you were looking for.

My numbers are different on 8/30/2023 as there was 1.91 hours left in the 40 hour limit before OT kicked in.
I also was not sure why there was 8 hours of Regular Time on 8/31/2023 when the 40 threshold had been hit.

Anyways, you can play with the following code to get the results you are looking for.

let
Source = 
Table.FromRows(Json.Document(Binary.Decompress(Binary.FromText("ldKxDoIwEAbgVyGdzXH0gJZR2VwcZFAJAyFEmmgxyPvHxqQFMRBY2uvy5b8/zXO2P6Re2oLHdizrSqWVvpvx2DbaOz9V35iH9LnwOXIyMwJyc1FkjoAVux/g9Kq7sletfi8RAlBYgk+JrK4ararysSRwcAB9gcv1tgaQFgg4cLdGuGmNxBkxoLRG9BdjtkvCUQrhhHjDIgNBIFwVYsseFLgUCCFZQ65OkfiDQJC4NpOpMJ/CVDkiYvetkBXFBw==", BinaryEncoding.Base64), Compression.Deflate)), let _t = ((type nullable text) meta [Serialized.Text = true]) in type table [Customer = _t, Department = _t, Employee = _t, local_date = _t, Hours = _t, #"Week of Year" = _t, Index = _t]),
#"Changed Type" = 
Table.TransformColumnTypes(
Source,
{{"Customer", type text}, {"Department", type text}, {"Employee", type text}, {"local_date", type date}, {"Hours", type number}, {"Week of Year", Int64.Type}, {"Index", Int64.Type}}
),
Custom1 = 
Table.AddColumn(
#"Changed Type", 
"_hoursWeekToDate", 
each 
List.Sum(
Table.SelectRows(
#"Changed Type", 
//this selects all rows where the 'employee' and 'week of year' match the current row and where the 'local_date'
//is less than or equal to the 'local_date' of the current row and the 'index' is less then or equal to
//the current row index
(x)=> x[Employee] = [Employee] and x[Week of Year] = [Week of Year] and x[local_date] <= [local_date] and x[Index] <= [Index]
)[Hours]
), 
type number
),
#"Added Custom" = 
Table.AddColumn(
Custom1, 
"Regular Hours", 
each 
if [_hoursWeekToDate] <= 40 and [Hours] < 8 
then [Hours] 
else if [_hoursWeekToDate] <= 40 and [Hours] >= 8 
then 8 
else if [_hoursWeekToDate] > 40 
then if 40 - ([_hoursWeekToDate] - [Hours]) > 0 
then 40 - ([_hoursWeekToDate] - [Hours]) 
else 0 
else null, 
type number
),
#"Added Custom1" = 
Table.AddColumn(
#"Added Custom", 
"Overtime Hours", 
each 
[Hours] - [Regular Hours], 
type number
)
in
#"Added Custom1"