May 2017 Update - Report level measure on SSAS live connection causes model errors until reprocessed
I came across this bug in my company as well. Spent weeks debugging the underlying SSAS cube without even thinking about the possible fact that it was PowerBI that had a bug. The thing with what I'm experiencing is that it is not my created measures that cause elements to crash, it is the base measures that are used in those created measures that suddenly stop working.
E.g. I have [Amount] from the cube, but want a [Amount < 100] measure with a simple filter on the base measure [Amount]. With this done, the [Amount < 100] works fine, but 10mins after implementing this suddenly one element after another start crashing. The weirdest part is that not all elements crash, just some of them..
I see that this is almost considered an old post, but what I'm experiencing sounds a lot like what you describe. Has this not yet been fixed?