Need a help on Ranking with Multiple Banks and multiple quarters

There are more simple and straight forward solutions to your problem. But you said you are a beginner, so I will give a step by step solution to compare the rankings of banks across quarters in one shot.

Assuming that you have the table you have posted here in the Power BI model and the table name is "Bank Records",

Step 1: Create a calculated table named "Banke Ranking Table"

BanksRankingTable = ALL(
                        BankRecords[Bank],
                        BankRecords[ Quarter ]
                        )

Step 2: Add 3 calculated columns to the new table

Calculated column 1: Value

Value = 
SUMX (
    FILTER (
        BankRecords,
        AND (
            BankRecords[Bank] = BanksRankingTable[Bank],
            BankRecords[ Quarter ] = BanksRankingTable[ Quarter ]
        )
    ),
    BankRecords[ Value ]
)

Calculated Column 2: 

BankRank =
COUNTROWS (
    FILTER (
        BanksRankingTable,
        AND (
            BanksRankingTable[ Quarter ] = EARLIER ( BanksRankingTable[ Quarter ] ),
            BanksRankingTable[Value] > EARLIER ( BanksRankingTable[Value] )
        )
    )
) + 1

Instead of using "EARLIER" function, you may also use Variables.

Calculated Column 3: Quarter as Text (You may avoid this if you want)

Qtr = "Q "&BanksRankingTable[ Quarter ]

Step 3: Now add a "Matrix Visual" to your report.

Use "Bank Names" on rows, "Qtr" field on Columns and "Bank Rank" on the Values section of the matrix. Then add conditional formatting. The result will look like the visual above.