Filtering by Date

Sevearal Issues

• You are using a calculate column. These are calculated ONCE when the table is created and at that time there is no slicer applied.  You need to use measures and measures need to be agregate or be funcitons that return a unique result. Remember PowerBI applies a filter context to the cell its caluclate on and if you have a single row then MAX = MIN = AVG = the unique value of that row
• Filtering on the table itself can cause issues and yield inconsitant results
• PowerBI DateTime intellgence functions make it very easy but require a date table. So in this case a disconnected slicer it not necessary if you just want to define max date. 

See this example using your data.   Bottm Left Table is the way PowerBI will display by default with the simple mesure of the difference between the two dates.  The Top Right Table is filtered using a Visual filter to only show positive results.  The Right Chart is foricing PowerBI to show all results for ID even if mesure is NULL by default will only show rows that have calculations non-null results.