Filter the Axis with measure

Hi elaj,

To acheive what you are looking for I did the following:

- added a new column in the Axis Query called Axis_Type

if Text.Length([Axis]) =4 then "Year" else if Text.Length([Axis]) =8 then "Month"  else "Week"

- added two order by columns to the Calendar Query, ranks to get context for moving back in time, this involved grouping and expansion so I will paste the entire power query expression

let
    Quelle = Table.FromRows(Json.Document(Binary.Decompress(Binary.FromText("bdKxagNBEIPhd3Ht4laaxqWbFIHUKYwxDqQ1Id28fZaFIzPSNTZ7fMXwo9vthG1cHu/P1+NznM7rNf/me/7OL/dzFTABETRBEWEi/sXb91e7Y77ljiVgAiJogiLCRLnj4/nb7phvuWMJmIAImqCIMFHuuP70O+Zb7lgCJiCCJigiTLQeKT3SeqT0SOuR0iOtR0qPrHdgqzvF5jvdBUxABE1QRJgod5SdLiE73QVMQARNUESYKHeUnS4hO90FTEAETVBEmCh3lJ0uITvdBUxABE1QRJhoPVJ6pPVI6ZHWI6VHWo+UHn2no+10HOx0tJ0WARE0QRFhotxRdzoOdjraTouACJqgiDBR7qg7HQc7HW2nRUAETVBEmCh31J2Og52OttMiIIImKCJMtB4pPdJ6pPRI65HSI61HSo99p/c/", BinaryEncoding.Base64), Compression.Deflate)), let _t = ((type nullable text) meta [Serialized.Text = true]) in type table [ID = _t, year = _t, month = _t, week = _t]),
    #"Geänderter Typ" = Table.TransformColumnTypes(Quelle,{{"ID", type text}, {"year", Int64.Type}, {"month", type text}, {"week", type text}}),
    #"Added Custom" = Table.AddColumn(#"Geänderter Typ", "Custom", each Number.ToText([year])&"-"&[month] &"-"& "01"),
    #"Changed Type" = Table.TransformColumnTypes(#"Added Custom",{{"Custom", type date}}),
    #"Renamed Columns" = Table.RenameColumns(#"Changed Type",{{"Custom", "Date"}}),
    #"Inserted Lowercased Text" = Table.AddColumn(#"Renamed Columns", "monthOrder", each Date.ToText([Date], "yyyyMM")),
    #"Added Custom1" = Table.AddColumn(#"Inserted Lowercased Text", "weekOrder", each Date.ToText([Date], "yyyyMM")&"0"&Text.End([week],1)),
    #"Sorted Rows" = Table.Sort(#"Added Custom1",{{"weekOrder", Order.Ascending}}),
    #"Added Index" = Table.AddIndexColumn(#"Sorted Rows", "Index", 1, 1, Int64.Type),
    #"Grouped Rows" = Table.Group(#"Added Index", {"monthOrder"}, {{"Count", each _, type table [ID=nullable text, year=nullable number, month=nullable text, week=nullable text, Date=nullable date, monthOrder=text, weekOrder=text, Index=number]}}),
    #"Added Index1" = Table.AddIndexColumn(#"Grouped Rows", "MonthOrderBy", 1, 1, Int64.Type),
    #"Expanded Count" = Table.ExpandTableColumn(#"Added Index1", "Count", {"ID", "year", "month", "week", "Date", "Index"}, {"Count.ID", "Count.year", "Count.month", "Count.week", "Count.Date", "Count.Index"}),
    #"Renamed Columns1" = Table.RenameColumns(#"Expanded Count",{{"Count.Index", "WeekOrderBy"}, {"Count.Date", "Date"}, {"Count.week", "week"}, {"Count.month", "month"}, {"Count.year", "year"}, {"Count.ID", "ID"}})
in
    #"Renamed Columns1"

- Added one calc columns to the Axis Table to get the value to navigate back in time with

lookback = 
var _id = [ID]
var _axis_type = [Axis_Type]
return
SWITCH(_axis_type,
"Year", CALCULATE(max('calendar'[year]), FILTER('calendar', 'calendar'[ID] = _id)),
"Week", CALCULATE(max('calendar'[WeekOrderBy]), FILTER('calendar', 'calendar'[ID] = _id)),
"Month", CALCULATE(max('calendar'[MonthOrderBy]), FILTER('calendar', 'calendar'[ID] = _id))) 

 - removed the relationship between calendar and axis

- Created a measure that displays the selected and prior period in the waterfall with Axis on the X axis

Axis Measure = 
var _date_type = 
SWITCH(TRUE(),
    HASONEVALUE('calendar'[WeekOrderBy]), "week",
    HASONEVALUE('calendar'[month]), "month",
    HASONEVALUE('calendar'[year]), "year")
return 
SWITCH(true(),
    _date_type = "week" && SELECTEDVALUE('Axis'[Axis_Type]) = "week" 
    && VALUES('Axis'[lookback]) >= SELECTEDVALUE('calendar'[WeekOrderBy])-1 && VALUES('Axis'[lookback]) <= SELECTEDVALUE('calendar'[WeekOrderBy]), CALCULATE(SUM(data[value]), FILTER(ALL('calendar'), 'calendar'[ID] = SELECTEDVALUE('Axis'[ID]))),
    _date_type = "month" && SELECTEDVALUE('Axis'[Axis_Type]) = "month" 
    && VALUES('Axis'[lookback]) >= SELECTEDVALUE('calendar'[MonthOrderBy])-1 && VALUES('Axis'[lookback]) <= SELECTEDVALUE('calendar'[MonthOrderBy]), CALCULATE(SUM(data[value]), FILTER(ALL('calendar'), 'calendar'[MonthOrderBy] = SELECTEDVALUE('Axis'[lookback]))),
        _date_type = "year" && SELECTEDVALUE('Axis'[Axis_Type]) = "year" 
    && VALUES('Axis'[lookback]) >= SELECTEDVALUE('calendar'[year])-1 && VALUES('Axis'[lookback]) <= SELECTEDVALUE('calendar'[year]), CALCULATE(SUM(data[value]), FILTER(ALL('calendar'), 'calendar'[year] = SELECTEDVALUE('Axis'[lookback])))   
)

- results in the following

attached you will find the pbix file you provided with the updates made.

Hope this works for you!