Fill a column based on a value in two other columns

You need to add the column using that expression in "Data" pane using "New Column" NOT in "Power Query Editor".

Also please note in the below expression LookupValue is name of the table I've stored sample data, in your case it should be your tablename. As LookupValue is a DAX keyword as well, that's why it was mentioned in single quote (I might have used another name to avoid confusion)

Check = CALCULATE(MAX('LookupValue'[Answer]),FILTER(ALL('LookupValue'),'LookupValue'[Question]="Location" && 'LookupValue'[ResponseID] = EARLIER([ResponseID])))