Dynamic filtering according to other filter selction

I don't think this is the best way to solve this problem. "Time shifting" or time intelligence is a standard feature of Power BI. You need a calendar table that follows "the rules". Read about calendar tables here. 

http://exceleratorbi.com.au/power-pivot-calendar-tables/

Once you you have a valid calendar table, you can use functions like PREVIOUSMONTH 

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee634758.aspx

Advantages include 

you don't need a column for every different time shift you need

your time shift can compare Feb with Jan and not just current month with previous month as of "today"

udian

I agree with MattAllington, we can use some time intelligence functions like DATEADD as below.

LastMonth_Sales =

CALCULATE ( SUM ( Table1[Sales] ), DATEADD ( 'Calendar'[Date], -1, MONTH ) )

I’ve uploaded a .pbix file of simple sample here for reference. Hope it helps.

Best Regards,

Herbert