Create Calendar Table with Max Date as Current Quarter + Next Two Quarters

Try:

Calendar Table =
VAR _MinDate =
    DATE ( 2021, 1, 31 ) //Enter the minimum date or the expression to calculate the minimum date in your dataset
VAR _QToday =
    QUARTER ( TODAY () )
VAR _MaxYear =
    SWITCH ( TRUE (), _QToday < 3, YEAR ( TODAY () ), YEAR ( TODAY () ) + 1 )
VAR _MaxDate =
    SWITCH (
        _QToday,
        1, DATE ( _MaxYear, 9, 30 ),
        2, DATE ( _MaxYear, 12, 31 ),
        3, DATE ( _MaxYear, 3, 31 ),
        4, DATE ( _MaxYear, 6, 30 )
    )
RETURN
    ADDCOLUMNS (
        CALENDAR ( _MinDate, _MaxDate ),
        "MonthNum", MONTH ( [Date] ),
        "Month", FORMAT ( [Date], "MMM" ),
        "Year", YEAR ( [Date] ),
        "QuarterNum", QUARTER ( [Date] ),
        "Quarter", "Q" & QUARTER ( [Date] )
    )

As for the filtering, can you please clarify what you  are after? With the default slicer behaviour, if you filter for 2023 you will only see Q1, since there are no rows with other quarters in the calendar table for 2023.