Calculating Transfers To and From Locations based on the Selected Location

I don't think you'll be able to get everything into the same table visual as there is no way to tell which row is selected - when you click on a location it doesn't refresh the table visual with new filters, the change is purely visual.

You could create a 2nd version of the locations table, not linked to anything, and then create measures like

Virtual From = VAR PrimaryLocation = SELECTEDVALUE( 'Locations'[Location Id])
VAR SecondaryLocation = SELECTEDVALUE( 'Locations 2'[Location Id])
VAR NumFrom = CALCULATE(
	COUNTROWS( 'Transfers'),
	TREATAS( { ( PrimaryLocation, SecondaryLocation)},
		'Transfers'[Previous Location Id],
		'Transfers'[New Location Id]
	)
)
RETURN NumFrom

Virtual To = VAR PrimaryLocation = SELECTEDVALUE( 'Locations'[Location Id])
VAR SecondaryLocation = SELECTEDVALUE( 'Locations 2'[Location Id])
VAR NumTo = CALCULATE(
	COUNTROWS( 'Transfers'),
	TREATAS( { ( PrimaryLocation, SecondaryLocation)},
		'Transfers'[New Location Id],
		'Transfers'[Previous Location Id]
	)
)
RETURN NumTo

and put these in a second table visual along with the column from the locations duplicate.