Build a column based on a date filter from another table

These calculations will for the column, not for the measure. For measure is expects a single value. This means you have to take a min or max of another table.

Not sure why you creating a table like this you can use a calendar in powerbi to do this is a much better manner.

https://radacad.com/creating-calendar-table-in-power-bi-using-dax-functions

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/time-intelligence-functions-dax

https://www.sqlbi.com/articles/time-intelligence-in-power-bi-desktop/