Ranks with filter function date

The problem was that your Val_Turb_Freq_1h measure was not returning values for the day level rows.  Here is a new measure that seems to work.  It's a little off as your hardcoded values use a value of 81 as the threshold but the overall result for Val_Turb_Freq_1h is 80.  The result from this measure matches those when 80 is used.  

NewMeasure =
VAR ValTurbFreq1h =
    CALCULATE (
        [Val_Turb_Freq_1h],
        ALLSELECTED ()
    )
VAR vStop =
    COUNTROWS (
        FILTER (
            VALUES ( fact_points_mesures_faucon[dt (10 min)] ),
            [Turbidité] >= ValTurbFreq1h
        )
    ) / 6
RETURN
    vStop

Also, the logic to get your threshold values seems to be the 144th value of Turbidity (regardless if the scope is day, month, year or all time).  Is that your intended logic?

Pat