Calculate the value base on previous Matrix rows

You should really consider restructuring your data TinaL22 and when you see the answer here is why. this is the measure that works - add this to a Matrix visual.

New Total = 
VAR varCurrentDate = MAX(Data[Date])
VAR varMinDate = 
    CALCULATE(
        MIN(Data[Date]),
        REMOVEFILTERS(Data[Date])
    )
VAR Result = 
    CALCULATE(
        SUM(Data[Column1]) + SUM(Data[Column2]) + SUM(Data[Column3]),
        FILTER(
            ALL(Data),
            Data[Date] <= varCurrentDate
        )
    ) - 
    CALCULATE(
        SUM(Data[Column1]) + SUM(Data[Column2]),
        FILTER(
            ALL(Data),
            Data[Date] = varMinDate
        )
    )
RETURN
    IF(
        MAX(Data[Date]) = varMinDate,
        MAX(Data[Column3]),
        Result
    )

It returns this:

Which is the answer you want, but there are some issues.

1. You cannot add data to column3 in this example. In Power BI, either everything is a formula (calculated column or measure) or none of it is. You cannot have the first row be a value then rows 2-n be calculations on that.
2. I got around that by adding a "New Total" so you would probably remove column 3 from your matrix visual. Still, now row 1 calc is just 166 or column 3, but row 2 is the cumulative of column 2 plus the cumulatives of columns 1 & 2, except for row 1. So that has to be backed out.

So while this works, it isn't ideal and isn't terribly flexible. If you can figure out how to restrcutre your data into a more normalized table where the logic flows that whatever you put in the "New Total" value is consistent formula without special handling for just the first row of the data.

Can you just change the look of the date?

Additionally, you an set custom formats per this article.

You cannot do calculations based on text data. If you must have a text field, then you need to add a new column in Power Query that converts the date to the Text format you want and show that in the visual. You could then remove the actual date. The measure would still work. But I don't recommend that process unless absolutely necessary. Changing the format is the best way to go here IMHO.