Microsoft Employee
Data limit here is not related to model size. It is related to how much data is being transferred during refresh. There is a 10 GB limit on that. There is no data download limits in PBI desktop so it will be successful over there.
For more information please see https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/powerbi-gateway-onprem-tshoot/ and https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/powerbi-refresh-troubleshooting-refresh-scenarios/...
Error: The received uncompressed data on the gateway client has exceeded limit. The exact limitation is 10 GB of uncompressed data per table. If you are hitting this issue, there are good options to optimize and avoid the issue. In particular, reducing the use of highly repetitive, long string values and instead using a normalized key or removing the column (if not in use) will help.
The comments provided by Burningsuit in this thread should also be helpful to understand.
Best Regards,
Herbert